The Washington Agreement, signed in September 2020 during Donald Trump’s presidency, aimed to normalize economic relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Despite some successes, including Kosovo’s recognition by Israel, key provisions such as air and railway connections remain unimplemented. As Donald Trump prepares for a second term in 2025, experts hope for renewed focus on these stalled projects, which could boost economic ties and ease movement between the two nations.
Stalled railway and air connections
The Washington Agreement envisioned the creation of vital transport links between Kosovo and Serbia. This included the construction of railways connecting Pristina to Merdare, and Nis to Pristina, alongside a Lufthansa-operated air route between Belgrade and Pristina. However, nearly four years later, none of these plans have materialized. Both Kosovo’s Road Infrastructure Department and the airline Lufthansa have declined to comment on the progress.
Ramë Çupeva, former Director of Kosovo’s Road Infrastructure Department, supports the agreement, stating that its implementation “was the responsibility of the Government,” and expressing disappointment that little progress has been made under the current administration.
A key to economic development
Experts emphasize that these stalled projects aren’t just about improving mobility; they have the potential to enhance trade between Kosovo and Serbia. Lulzim Rafuna, President of the Kosovo Chamber of Commerce, believes that with Trump’s return to office, there could be renewed momentum to push these projects forward, which would benefit both countries’ economies.
The role of government leadership
The Washington Agreement was signed by Kosovo’s then-Prime Minister Avdullah Hoti, who has since left office. Current Prime Minister Albin Kurti, who took office after Hoti, has been criticized for not prioritizing the implementation of the agreement. While Kurti has voiced support for other agreements, he has not actively advanced the Washington Agreement’s projects, according to former officials.
The potential impact of Trump’s return
Trump has expressed confidence in the agreement’s success, noting that it represents a historic shift in the relationship between Kosovo and Serbia. With his re-election in 2024, there are hopes among business leaders that the projects stalled under Kurti’s government may receive a fresh push. “It’s an agreement signed in the White House—it holds great value,” said Rafuna, underscoring the importance of this deal for both countries’ future prosperity.
No comment from Serbian officials
The Serbian government was contacted for comment on the status of the Washington Agreement but did not respond to inquiries. Both Kosovo and Serbia continue to maintain limited land border points, while broader steps toward normalization remain in limbo.
